A Report On Race And Ethnicity Sociology Essay

A Report On Race And Ethnicity Sociology Essay Bigotry and Ethnicity are two notable subjects in the scholastic world. In spite of the fact that not a mainstream decision of study Racism and Ethnicity can be found in Multicultural instruction, Sociology, Economics, to give some examples. Albeit utilized similarly, Racism and Ethnicity are totally different. The motivation behind this paper is to characterize and give instances of prejudice, institutional bigotry, and individual bigotry. I will likewise concentrate on the effects that these types of prejudice have on the individuals who are forced to bear bigotry. The Concise Oxford Dictionary characterizes bigotry in two implications: One, â€Å"the conviction that there are attributes, capacities, or characteristics explicit to each race† and two, â€Å"discrimination against or hostility towards other races†. Ethnicity then again has three implications: One, â€Å"relating to a gathering of individuals having a typical national or social tradition† two, â€Å"referring to birthplace by birth than by present nationality: ethnic Albanians 3. â€Å"relating to a non-Western social convention: ethnic music. (Oxford Dictionary: fire up 2009). The word â€Å"race† has been around for a few several years. From the start it was utilized to depict a more distant family through the ages, at that point as times passed it alluded to huge gatherings of individuals that were not family yet had the equivalent social practices and conventions, qualities and segment area. At the point when the Europeans reached individuals outs ide their country (America, Asia and Oceania) they would place individuals into classes that would show contrasts between their way of life and the individuals who were â€Å"new† to them. These classes as per Pearson were what Banton (an essayist on Evolution) called â€Å"Selectionist speculations of evolution†. (Pearson:1990). Banton contended that a people â€Å"physical appearance (phenotype) as well as inbuilt hereditary cosmetics (genotype) clarified human idea and activity (Pearson: 1990) and it was then worthy for individuals to characterize individuals on a â€Å"scale of qualities, from mediocre compared to unrivaled, from crude to superior† (Pearson: 1990) all of which has made numerous a researcher question the world and how it is separating individuals into various races. In the eighteenth and nineteenth hundreds of years a progressive system was shaped where the individuals who were dark (darker looking) would be at the base and the individuals who were white (lighter looking) small at the top. The individuals who had brown complexion were viewed as less instructed or uneducated, basic individuals who were most appropriate to occupations that included physical and difficult work. A white individual, remarkably a white male working class male, had insight, held down an occupation in administrative job and was monetarily obviously better of than those of brown complexion. This was known as â€Å"racial pith, to decide the capacities of an individual or a group† (Study Guide: Unit 6). By the mid twentieth century, the investigation of hereditary qualities was turning into a defining moment in mankind. As opposed to focussing on a people skin shading, it turned out to be increasingly worthy that having great access to food, training, clean water, and medicinal services added to the advancement in individuals. Pearson (1990), contended ethnicity is â€Å"what individuals do† (Study Guide: Unit 6) and exhibited this by citing a lot of definitions by Anthony Smith regarding ethnic networks. Ethnic people group have: a â€Å"collective name a â€Å"common fantasy of decent† a â€Å"distinctive shared culture† â€Å"an relationship with a particular territory† also, a â€Å"sense of solidarity† This is characterized in Pearsons article as an ethnic network â€Å"as a named human populace with shared lineage, fantasies, narratives, and societies having a relationship with a particular terroritory and a feeling of solidarity† (Pearson: 1990). Institutional bigotry centers around a gathering of individuals who are frequently more â€Å"dominant† than different gatherings and decide to reprimand another gathering for resembling peons specifically â€Å"radically inferior† (Pearson:1990) that permit a progressively prevailing gathering to direct to the less off gathering â€Å"where they live, what language they talk, what school they join in, what work they get, how they are treated by the police and the courts, how they are depicted by the media, and what type of political and lawful portrayal they need to plan of action to† (Pearson: 1990). Accordingly, the individuals who are a piece of the more predominant gathering can direct how the less prevailing gathering can be utilized and have the bigot convictions and activities set upon them. A case of instutional prejudice is unmistakable where there are frequently at least two unique ethnicities. In South Africa for instance, â€Å"judicial rules and gu idelines victimizing dark people are an unmistakable case point (Pearson: 1990). In New Zealand in any case, there is nothing of the sort as unfair enactment and strategies and practices are generally unexpected than segregating towards each other. Singular prejudice then again is progressively close to home and is focused at people as opposed to a gathering of individuals. Otherwise called individual bigotry, Brislin distinguishes four kinds of individual prejudice: 1. Extreme prejudice â€Å"the conviction that specific individuals are second rate, and henceforth are seen as being of low worth. 2. Representative bigotry Dominant gatherings â€Å"feel the out gathering is meddling with significant parts of the way of life making problems†. 3. Tokenism-Dominant gatherings demonstrate that they have occupied with â€Å"token exercises to demonstrate that they have fair the treatment of other races†. 4. A safe distance People drawing in â€Å"in well disposed constructive practices towards out gathering individuals in some social settings however treat them the equivalent out gathering individuals with observably less warmth and amicability in other settings†. Brislin(2000). Kenan Malik contended that singular prejudice â€Å"imprisons the individuals who are exposed to it while reinforcing Western cultures†. Orientalism, which Malik cites is a â€Å"dualism between the east and the west and the Orient and has assisted with characterizing ‘other â€Å"which individuals can see is unique and prohibited in race connections. In synopsis I have characterized and give a few instances of bigotry and ethnicity and sketched out the ideas of institutional prejudice and individual prejudice. By focussing on these models we can be certain that bigotry influences individuals either as a country or are subjects of individual assaults. By monitoring these partialities, comprehend that we ought not feel progressively better than each other due to the shade of somebody elses skin. Prejudice is in numerous pieces of the world and despite the fact that it shows up for some reasons, it ought to be tended to so not to harm a specific culture or a people personality.

Free Essays on Tone

furthermore, one sentence may run for pages and be loaded up with incidental articulations, many subordinate provisions, elipses, and so on. Style is the specialized part of an author’s composing. In â€Å"The Last Moon† by Andre Dubus the tone is cold and separated. This suits the subject since maniacs are generally expelled from their violations as though they are non-members. The principal sentence tells us that this lady isn't in charge of her activities or musings â€Å"The murder started somewhere in her heart, a spot she had never been. . . .† The style is immediate and straightforward for the most part basic and compound sentences. In â€Å"Triangle of Light† by Pamela Harrison the tone is contemplative and nostalgic. She is recollecting a second in her life. The light here represents love-God’s love for the world and our adoration for one another. She is abandoned in obscurity lobby while mother and sibling talk in the light-overflowed kitchen. They are getting a charge out of the completion of affection while she is denied. The acknowledgment that mother adores sibling above all else drives a wedge among them-the three focuses in this triangle. The style is more confused utilizing runs and incidental expressions.... Free Essays on Tone Free Essays on Tone Tone is a writer’s â€Å"attitude† or â€Å"voice.† Take a sonnet by Sylvia Plath-you should realize the writer regardless of whether her name doesn't show up. You can tell it’s plath by her cool, mocking, and in some cases ruthless tone. Or on the other hand take Robert Frost-each one of those vowels and sound similarity you should realize his composing even without his name appended. Or on the other hand Emily Dickinson or Edgar A. Poe-their tone is unmistakeable. Which of you doesn’t know Bob Dylan when you hear him sing? Or on the other hand Elvis-the tone is extremely unmistakable. Style is the manner in which a creator puts words, sentences and sections together. Sincere Hemingway utilizes short words and sentences. He resembles perusing the paper extremely basic. William Faulkner, then again, utilizes long words and one sentence may run for pages and be loaded up with incidental articulations, many subordinate conditions, elipses, and so forth. Style is the specialized part of an author’s composing. In â€Å"The Last Moon† by Andre Dubus the tone is cold and segregated. This suits the subject since insane people are typically expelled from their wrongdoings as though they are non-members. The principal sentence tells us that this lady isn't in charge of her activities or musings â€Å"The murder started somewhere in her heart, a spot she had never been. . . .† The style is immediate and straightforward for the most part basic and compound sentences. In â€Å"Triangle of Light† by Pamela Harrison the tone is thoughtful and nostalgic. She is recalling a second in her life. The light here represents love-God’s love for the world and our affection for one another. She is abandoned in obscurity corridor while mother and sibling talk in the light-overwhelmed kitchen. They are getting a charge out of the completion of adoration while she is denied. The acknowledgment that mother cherishes sibling most importantly drives a wedge among them-the three focuses in this triangle. The style is more entangled utilizing runs and incidental expressions....

Play it again, Sam

Play it again, Sam DID YOU KNOW? All canned pineapple is cooked. This is why you can use canned pineapple in JELL-O but not fresh pineapple. How tired do people get at MIT, with all the work they have to do? Well, yesterday I broke my world record low test score with a 40% on the third 6.002 exam. Luckily, the average was 47 with a standard deviation of 25, meaning that I really didnt do too badly, and also that you could have gotten a zero and still passed. However, shortly after getting my test I exclaimed, Shoot! Dammit! People probably thought I was just really upset about the test score, but I quickly followed it with I stapled my finger! After a few moments of panic, I had the sense to reach in and rip it out with one clean jerk. Miraculously, it didnt even bleed one drop for the rest of the day, the only evidence of it being a slight tenderness and a dull throbbing pain. Then I fell asleep 40 minutes into recitation. So, you can staple your finger to a problem set and then fall asleep, sitting down, half an hour later. Thats how tired people at MIT are. Thirteen hours later, having not left campus for home at all, I triumphantly completed this thing. Its a clock, a counter, some memory, a DAC, a low-pass-filter, an amplifier, and a speaker. Put it all together and what do you get? Well, you get to pass 6.002 for one. But you also get music. Sweet music. I was really excited, because I had never done anything circuitry-related before and almost blew up an oscilloscope on the first day of lab, and now, here I am, making real, live 8-bit audio equipment out of a tangled mess of wires. So, if you notice above, my memory is labeled LV, and I have no idea what this could possibly stand for. It played some kind of sad-sounding piano ballad, but the distortion was too great for me to figure out which one. I was guessing maybe Lovely something or Lady something or just plaing LoVe, but I really have no idea. So I played it again and again, switching out bits, playing with the gain, turning off the filters, but no luck in figuring it out. I was so excited, because everybody else was playing AP (the chorus of American Pie) or MLK (I Have A Dream) or WHO (Abbott and Costellos Whos On First) and I have absolutely no idea what I was playing. So, finally, deciding that the rest of the lab grew tired of hearing distorted whatever, I decided to pack up and call it a night. Can you think of any piano-related thing with the initials LV?

Economics and Change - 1471 Words

Economics and Change Dimensions of Professional Practice 08/02/2015 Economics and Change Introduction Health care in America is at the center of controversy. It is a progressive and rapid changing entity. Since the 1970s, America has seen many different types of programs and funds created to help solve the issue of the cost of health care. Many of these programs are on the brink of bankruptcy and have not done far enough to make it more affordable and assessable. Actually America has the most expensive healthcare system in the world and not only is it the most expensive, but in many areas such as quality of care, America is no where near the top among developed countries (Davis, Stremikis, Squires, amp; Schoen, 2014).†¦show more content†¦This approach would greatly benefit people that are already under some type of government healthcare because the government would find the best companies to work with in order to provide all types of care from a routine visit to hospice. These companies would then charge the government only for the services provided. This is where there is a big problem. Right now pricing for most of American health care comes from a small group of doctors called the Specialty Society Relative Value Scale Update Committee or RUC (Munro, 2013). This is problematic because this committee is deciding the prices rather than the actual cost of products. If this process was changed then people could use rationalization to determine that a government ran universal healthcare system would be in the best self-interest. Healthcare Committee Committees are very important in improving and discussing ways to improve healthcare in America. There are many different types of committees that would be assembled, but the most important one would be one to replace the RUC. An example of what is wrong with the RUC is demonstrated in a balloon needed for sinus surgery. The balloon itself costs 2,600 dollars to be made. The RUC priced it at 3,000 dollars for each procedure. This balloon can be used up to 6 times before a new one must be used. Six procedures could be done with one balloon that costs 2,600 dollars and Medicare willShow MoreRelatedEconomics and Changes1280 Words   |  6 Pagesof the temporal and PEST environments interact to influence the situation described in the case. Change is unavoidable in the existence of an organization. Nowadays, most of the organizations in the business world are facing changing business environment. There is no way to avoid either change or die. The major forces which make the changes not only desirable but inevitable are technological, economic, political, social, legal, international and labor market environments. The case in this assignmentRead MoreThe Economics Of Climate Change1400 Words   |  6 PagesThe Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. Most notable of these externalities is inadvertent global warming. Spending towards research and regulation of climate change at both the national and international level are very important in determining current and future business trends. Economists and scientists worldwide continuously debate the pros and cons of emissions reductionRead MoreThe Economics Of Climate Change1384 Words   |  6 PagesTristan Ridley English 102 Professor Pontillo 28 January 2016 The Economics of Climate Change The world economy is a very complex system; in the system harmful externalities disrupt capital flows and determine economic productivity. Most notable of these externalities is inadvertent global warming. 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Whilst development aims to bring about positive change it can lead to conflicts. In the past, the promotion of economic growth as the motor for increased well-being was the main development thrust with little sensitivity to adverse social or environmental impacts. The need to avoid adverse impacts and to ensure long term benefits led to the concept of sustainability. This has become accepted as an essential feature

Argentina Genocide - 1276 Words

Argentina War http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-20793884 Torture centres There was court investigated crimes against 200 opponents of the military regime in six illegal detention centers in Buenos Aires, One of the crimes was a kidnapping of a man named Jacobo Timerman who was tortured by electric shocks, beatings and solitary confinement in the years he was held illegally. The prosecutor said Jaime Smart was a leading factor in the persecution of opponents in the military. The illegal detention centers were run in police stations under his command. During the seven year military rule, an estimated 30,000 people were kidnapped, tortured, and killed by the junta. http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/war/argentina.htm†¦show more content†¦She was forced to work in the basement, translating into Spanish articles on the military regime that appeared in English and French newspapers; others wrote military biographies, forged documents and filmed propaganda videos. As they worked, inmates in adjacent rooms were tortured with water and electric cattle prods, their shouts sometimes muffled by loud music. http://www.vice.com/read/inside-argentinas-secret-death-camps Inside Argentina Camps In 1977 Nilda â€Å"Munu† Goretta was walking home from work on a busy street in downtown Buenos Aires when members of the Argentinean Military Death Squad blindfolded her from behind and shoved her into a nearby car. She wasn’t seen or heard from for 13 months. During the height of Argentina’s seven-year military dictatorship Munu lived as a political prisoner in the torture center, ESMA. In order to maintain control, the junta organized a system to eliminate any threats to the new government. Anyone who expressed the slightest sympathies for leftist politics would vanish without a trace. The general public was not aware of the concentration camps. ESMA operated as the navy mechanical school in the center of the city, but beneath its deceitful concrete exterior was a basement death camp where thousands of political prisoners, including pregnant women, were brutally tortured and killed. Munu is one of the few who narrowly survived. Each time she was taken by guar ds from herShow MoreRelatedThe Jewish Community of Argentina Essay2028 Words   |  9 PagesJewish Community of Argentina Argentina is the second largest nation in Lain America and boasts the largest Jewish community in the region (200,000 of its 35 million people). From an open door policy of immigration to the harboring of Nazi war criminals, Argentinas Jews have faced period of peaceful coexistence and periods of intense anti-Semitism. Argentinas Jews have numerous Jewish community organizations. 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Rebecca Skloot’s story Free Essays

Rebecca Skloot’s story, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, is based on Henrietta and her family. In order to learn about the indescribable Henrietta Lacks, Skloot as a result, wrote this biography on her. Skloot wanted to further her study about the Lacks family in relation to their health, personal life, and ethnic concerns associated to the story. We will write a custom essay sample on Rebecca Skloot’s story or any similar topic only for you Order Now Henrietta and her family’s knowledge about her cells and how they were being used was the main issue. Human rights that people had/have about their bodies and how they are used in medical research becomes the stories moral question. Also in questioning is race. As stated in the book, â€Å"There’s no way of knowing how Henrietta’s treatment would have differed if she’d been white. According to Howard Jones, Henrietta got the same care any white patient would have; the biopsy, the radium treatment, and radiation were all standard for the day† (Skloot, 64). There is a slight possibility that if she had been white she may have acquired some acknowledgement, at that moment or later, for the impact of her cells that were delivered for further study on cancer. Since this was in the 1950s, â€Å"The era of Jim Crow,† there were different outlooks of ethnicity than what there are today (Skloot, 15). Christoph stated in the book, â€Å"When you find oil on somebody’s property, it doesn’t automatically belong to them, but they do get a portion of the profits† (Skloot, 267). Awareness that people should have on different parts of their body, and how their body parts are being used around the globe for further research is also argued in the book. How to cite Rebecca Skloot’s story, Essay examples

Psychology Theories Self Reflection Essay Example

Psychology Theories Self Reflection Essay Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. It is a broad discipline which seeks to analyze the human mind and study why people behave, think, and feel the way they do. There are many different ways to approach psychology, from examining biologys role in mental health to the role of the environment on behavior. Some psychologists focus only on how the mind develops, while others counsel patients to help improve their daily lives. There are seven (7) major perspectives in modern psychology which include psychoanalytic/psychodynamic, behaviourist, humanist, cognitive, biopsychological, evolutionary and sociocultural. This assignment is an integration of knowledge; three dominant theories of psychology will be examined to see how each has influenced my behaviours through self-reflection and the use of personal examples. Having an understanding of oneself is important as it helps it to perceive things positively and assists in determining the things that one enjoys doing. It also helps in the way one faces challenges and the make decisions in life. Psychodynamic/Psychoanalytic Psychodynamic theory was the dominant school of thought within psychiatry and much of clinical psychology during the first part of the 20th century. Early psychodynamic approaches focused on the interrelationship of the mind (psyche) and mental, emotional or motivational forces within the mind that interact to shape a personality. Dr. Sigmund Freud, who is credited with inventing psychodynamic theory and psychoanalysis, influentially suggested that the unconscious mind is divided into multiple parts, including the irrational and impulsive Id (a representation of primal animal desires), the judgmental Super-ego (a representation of the rules and norms of society inside the mind), and the rational Ego (which serves as an attempt to bridge the other two parts). Alexander, 2010) According to Freud, the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind can come into conflict with one another, producing a phenomenon called repression (a state where you are unaware of having certain troubling motives, wishes or desires but they influence you negatively just the same). In general, psychodynamic theories suggest that a person must successfully resolve early developmental conflicts (e. g. gaining trust, affection, successful interpersonal relationships, mastering body functions, etc. ) in order to overcome repression and achi eve mental health. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Theories Self Reflection specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Theories Self Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Psychology Theories Self Reflection specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer As part of this theory, he believed that humans have two basic drives: Eros and Thanatos, or the Life and Death drives. According to Psychoanalytic theory, everything we do, every thought we have, and every emotion we experience has one of two goals: to help us survive or to prevent our destruction. Freud believed that the vast majority of our knowledge about these drives is buried in the unconscious part of the mind. This would suggest that we go to school because it will help assure our survival in terms of improved finances, more money for healthcare, or even an improved ability to find a spouse. We demand safety in our cars and in our homes. We want criminal locked away and we want to be protected against anything else that could lead to our destruction. According to this theory, everything we do, everything we are can be traced back to the two basic drives. I have always felt that this theory offered unique, controversial insights into how the human mind worked. We as humans do tend to internalize, repress and suppress memories and emotions that we find painful or shameful. I also believe that experiences that we have as a child do shape our actions as an adult. As a child I never had a good relationship with my father and I think this has carried over into my relationship with men on a whole. I find it hard to trust, to forgive and to love. I think this has something to do with the fact that there was never any trust between my father and I, nor was there any affection. I probably perceived our interpersonal as a failure and this has carried over into my later years. It is important to remember that Freud was not the only psychodynamic therapist although his work has paved the way for extensions of his ideas. Examples of this are Carl Jung who thought of the unconscious as the source of potential and creativity rejecting Freuds ideas of the sexual instincts. Karen Horney criticized Freuds penis envy theory and made her own interpretation that it was a cultural phenomenon in a male dominated society. Alfred Adler developed a theory that all people are born weak and thus resolves to overcome this weakness by being at one with others. Alfred Adler believed are born with physical inadequacies and as a result, people commit very early in life to rid themselves of these feelings of nferiority. There are, however, two ways to overcome those feelings: striving for success and striving for superiority, the latter of which is less mentally healthy. Behaviourism Behaviorism originated with the work of John B. Watson, an American psychologist. John Watson coined the term Behaviorism in 1913. Behaviorism assumes that behavior is observable and can be correlated with other observable events. Therefore, there are events that precede and follow behavior. Behaviorisms goal is to explain relationships between antecedent conditions (stimuli), behavior (responses), and consequences (reward, punishment or neutral effect). Watson claimed that psychology was not concerned with the mind or with human consciousness. Instead, psychology would be concerned only with behavior. In this way, men could be studied objectively, like rats and apes. To the behaviorist, human behavior has nothing to do with internal unconscious conflicts, repression, or problems with object representations. Rather, a behavioral psychologist uses principles of learning theory to explain human behavior. Behaviorism is a theory of learning based upon the idea that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Conditioning occurs through interaction with the environment. According to behaviorism, behavior can be studied in a systematic and observable manner with no consideration of internal mental states. (DeMar, 2004) Watson’s work was based on the experiments of Ivan Pavlov, who had studied animals’ responses to conditioning. In Pavlov’s best-known experiment, he rang a bell as he fed some dogs several meals. Each time the dogs heard the bell they knew that a meal was coming, and they would begin to salivate. Pavlov then rang the bell without bringing food, but the dogs still salivated. They had been â€Å"conditioned† to salivate at the sound of a bell. Pavlov believed, as Watson later emphasized, that humans react to stimuli in the same way. Behaviorism is also associated today with the name of B. F. Skinner, who made his reputation by testing Watson’s theories in the laboratory. Skinner’s studies led him to reject Watson’s almost exclusive emphasis on reflexes and conditioning. People respond to their environment, he argued, but they also operate on the environment to produce certain consequences. Skinner developed the theory of â€Å"operant conditioning,† the idea that we behave the way we do because this kind of behavior has had certain consequences in the past. For example, if your girlfriend gives you a kiss when you give her flowers, you will be likely to give her flowers when you want a kiss. You will be acting in expectation of a certain reward. Like Watson, however, Skinner denied that the mind or feelings play any part in determining behavior. Instead, our experience of reinforcements determines our behavior. (DeMar, 2004) Operant conditioning is a method of learning that occurs through rewards and punishments for behavior. Through operant conditioning, an association is made between a behavior and a consequence for that behavior. Major Thinkers in Behaviorism are Ivan Pavlov, B. F. Skinner, Edward Thorndike and John B. Watson. I have been a teacher for the past five (5) years and I can remember doing a Classroom Management course in college that looked at the learning theories of behaviour. It was a very good course and it enabled me to be a good manager of my classroom using various techniques/strategies of rewards and punishment as well as positive and negative reinforcement to control and mould behaviour. Classical conditioning and Operant conditioning is a major factor in real life as it forms a fundamental part of human training whether in or out of the classroom. The main use of conditioning is in dealing with habit formation either trying to form good habits such as good school performance or break bad ones such as walking around the classroom while a lesson is being taught. In assuming that behaviour is learnt, behaviourists also hold that behaviour can be unlearnt and replaced by new behaviours. It can be used to shape a child to learn innumerable behaviours and skills. In education, advocates of behaviorism have effectively adopted this system of rewards and punishments or positive and negative reinforcement in their classrooms by rewarding or positively reinforcing desired behaviors and punishing or negatively reinforcing inappropriate ones. Rewards vary, but must be important to the learner in some way. For example, as a teacher I wish to teach the behavior of remaining seated during the class period, the successful students reward might be marking the teachers class register or being allowed to use the computer lab during their lunch hour or giving praise to the students who remained seated while smiling would also be positive reinforcement. Humanistic During the 1950s, humanistic psychology began as a reaction to psychoanalysis and behaviorism, which dominated psychology at the time. Psychoanalysis was focused on understanding the unconscious motivations that drove behavior while behaviorism studied the conditioning processes that produced behavior. Humanist thinkers felt that both psychoanalysis and behaviorism were too pessimistic, either focusing on the most tragic of emotions or failing to take the role of personal choice into account. (Luttrel, 2009) Humanistic psychology was instead focused on each individual’s potential and stressed the importance of growth and self-actualization. The fundamental belief of humanistic psychology was that people are innately good, with mental and social problems resulting from deviations from this natural tendency. According to this theory, humans are driven to achieve their maximum potential and will always do so unless obstacles are placed in their way. These obstacles include hunger, thirst, financial problems, safety issues or anything else that takes our focus away from maximum psychological growth. The best way to describe this theory is to utilize the famous pyramid developed by Abraham Maslow (1970) called the Hierarchy of Needs. Maslow believed that humans have specific needs that must be met and that if lower level needs go unmet, we cannot possibly strive for higher level needs. The Hierarchy of Needs shows that at the lower level, we must focus on basic issues such as food, sleep, and safety. Without food, without sleep, how could we possible focus on the higher level needs such as respect, education, and recognition? Throughout our lives, we work toward achieving the top of the pyramid, self actualization or the realization of all of our potential. As we move up the pyramid, however, things may get in the way which will ultimately slow us down and often knock us backward. Imagine working toward the respect and recognition of your colleagues and suddenly finding yourself out of work and homeless. Suddenly, you are forced backward and can no longer focus your attention on your work due to the need for finding food and shelter for you and your family. There are five different levels in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs; all my physiological needs which are the most basic and instinctual such as the need for air, food and sleep are being met. These are vital for my survival and must be met as all other needs become secondary. My safety and security needs are next and are very important, these include a desire for steady employment, health insurance, safe neighborhoods and shelter from the environment and are currently being met. Everyone has a need for belonging, love and affection which is referred to as social needs. Relationships such as friendships, romantic attachments and families help fulfill this need for companionship and acceptance, as do involvement in social, community or religious groups. I am currently in the Esteem needs phase which becomes increasingly important after the first three (3) needs have been met. These include the need for things that reflect on self-esteem, personal worth, social recognition and accomplishment. I am in the process of changing professions and working towards achieving a diploma from Norquest University as a LPN. I want to be a good nurse and earn enough that I am able to care for my family. All my energy is focused on achieving as much as I can which would reflect on my self-esteem. I want to be able to look back at my life and not have any regrets. I do not want to be a failure. The last set of needs is the Self-actualizing Needs. This is the highest level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Self-actualizing people are self-aware, concerned with personal growth, less concerned with the opinions of others and interested fulfilling their potential. According to Maslow, nobody has ever reached the peak of his pyramid. We all may strive for it and some may even get close, but no one has achieved full self-actualization. Self-actualization means having a complete understanding of oneself, a sense of completeness, of being the best person you could possibly be. To have achieved this goal is to stop living, for what is there to strive for if you have learned everything about yourself, if you have experienced all that you can, and if there is no way left for you to grow emotionally, intellectually, or spiritually. (Luttrel, 2009) Another major thinker in Humanistic Psychology is Carl Rogers. who maintains that the human organism has an underlying actualizing tendency, which aims to develop all capacities in ways that maintain or enhance the organism and move it toward autonomy. This tendency is directional, constructive and present in all living things. The actualizing tendency can be suppressed but can never be destroyed without the destruction of the organism. Conclusion Throughout history humans have been puzzled by human behavior, the reasons behind it, and have been faced with the consequences of their own as well as others behavior. Many studies have been done and theories developed in an attempt to explain this fascinating area of human existence. These theories enable us to understand and determine how the mind and body of an individual works. The psychodynamic, behaviourist and humanistic perspectives are very different theories but they all seek to answer basically the same questions, who and what we are, why we are like that, why we act and think like that and what we could be as a person, just in different ways. It is not necessary to think of these three schools of thought as competing elements as Abraham Maslow argued in his book Toward a Psychology of Being (1962), in which he described humanistic psychology as the third force in psychology, the first and second forces being behaviorism and psychoanalysis respectively. Each branch of psychology has contributed to our understanding of the human mind and behavior. Psychoanalysis looked at the mind, Behaviourist Psychology looked at behaviours and the Humanistic psychology added yet another dimension that took a more holistic view of the individual. There has been many criticisms of psychoanalysis and behaviourist perspectives but the fact remains that these theories have paved the way and laid the foundations upon which psychology stands.